BoxLambda Architecture Block Diagram

BoxLambda is a project that creates a retro-style FPGA-based microcomputer from open-source components. The microcomputer serves as a platform for both software and RTL experimentation.

BoxLambda is a software-hardware crossover project, providing opportunities for experimentation on both the FPGA RTL side and the software side.

Current Features

  • Targets the Arty-A7-100T FPGA development board.
  • Ibex RISC-V core with machine timer and hardware interrupt support.
  • Stable low-latency access to internal memories and registers. Stable and documented instruction cycle counts.
  • DDR3 external memory access through the Litex memory controller.
  • OpenOCD-based debug access on FPGA and Verilator.
  • VERA-based VGA graphics: 2 layers tile or bitmap mode, 2 banks of 64 sprites, 128KB Video RAM, 256 color palette.
  • Dual YM2149 PSG Audio.
  • SD Card Controller and FatFs File System.
  • 24-pin GPIO, UART, SPI Flash Controller, I2C Controller.
  • Real-time Clock and Calendar (RTCC) support.
  • USB HID Keyboard and Mouse support.
  • Picolibc-based standard C environment.
  • DFX Partial FPGA Reconfiguration support.
  • Test application suite covering all SoC components, running on both FPGA and Verilator.
  • Linux CMake and Bender-based Software and Gateware build system.

Key Goals

  • Create a sandbox for experimenting with software and FPGA gateware:
    • It should be easy to jump in and do something: create, hack, tinker.
      • Simple Enough for One Person: A motivated individual can develop a solid understanding of the entire system, including both software and hardware.
      • Deterministic Behavior: The duration of operations such as internal memory or register access must be predictable by design.
      • Self-Contained Run-Time Environment supporting high-level interactive and low-level systems programming.
    • Create a Modular Architecture allowing for a mix-and-match of software and hardware components. Optionally, support Partial FPGA Reconfiguration.

  • Target Hardware: Digilent’s Arty-A7.

  • The computer supports the following peripherals:
    • USB HID Keyboard
    • USB HID Mouse (optional)
    • USB HID Joystick (optional)
    • Real-Time Clock and Calendar (optional)
    • Serial port
    • SD card storage
    • Flash Memory storage
    • VGA Display
    • Audio output
  • Sound and graphics support retro-style 2D demos and gameplay.

Status (April 2025)

  • Infrastructure (build system, etc.): Complete.
  • Gateware: Complete as pictured in the Block Diagram. Meeting requirements, but IRQ Latency yet to be analyzed.
  • Software: Early stage development.

GitHub